Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11851/7763
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dc.contributor.authorChang, Kevin K.-
dc.contributor.authorKashyap, Abhijith-
dc.contributor.authorHassan, Hasan-
dc.contributor.authorGhose, Saugata-
dc.contributor.authorHsieh, Kevin-
dc.contributor.authorLee, Donghyuk-
dc.contributor.authorMutlu, Onur-
dc.date.accessioned2021-09-11T15:59:34Z-
dc.date.available2021-09-11T15:59:34Z-
dc.date.issued2016en_US
dc.identifier.citation13th ACM SIGMETRICS/IFIP Performance Joint International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Science (ACM SIGMETRICS/IFIP) -- JUN 14-18, 2016 -- FRANCEen_US
dc.identifier.isbn978-1-4503-4266-7-
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1145/2896377.2901453-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11851/7763-
dc.description.abstractLong DRAM latency is a critical performance bottleneck in current systems. DRAM access latency is defined by three fundamental operations that take place within the DRAM cell array: (i) activation of a memory row, which opens the row to perform accesses; (ii) precharge, which prepares the cell array for the next memory access; and (iii) restoration of the row, which restores the values of cells in the row that were destroyed due to activation. There is significant latency variation for each of these operations across the cells of a single DRAM chip due to irregularity in the manufacturing process. As a result, some cells are inherently faster to access, while others are inherently slower. Unfortunately, existing systems do not exploit this variation. The goal of this work is to (i) experimentally characterize and understand the latency variation across cells within a DRAM chip for these three fundamental DRAM operations, and (ii) develop new mechanisms that exploit our understanding of the latency variation to reliably improve performance. To this end, we comprehensively characterize 240 DRAM chips from three major vendors, and make several new observations about latency variation within DRAM. We find that (i) there is large latency variation across the cells for each of the three operations; (ii) variation characteristics exhibit significant spatial locality: slower cells are clustered in certain regions of a DRAM chip; and (iii) the three fundamental operations exhibit different reliability characteristics when the latency of each operation is reduced. Based on our observations, we propose Flexible-LatencY DRAM (FLY-DRAM), a mechanism that exploits latency variation across DRAM cells within a DRAM chip to improve system performance. The key idea of FLY-DRAM is to exploit the spatial locality of slower cells within DRAM, and access the faster DRAM regions with reduced latencies for the fundamental operations. Our evaluations show that FLY-DRAM improves the performance of a wide range of applications by 13.3%, 17.6%, and 19.5%, on average, for each of the three different vendors' real DRAM chips, in a simulated 8-core system. We conclude that the experimental characterization and analysis of latency variation within modern DRAM, provided by this work, can lead to new techniques that improve DRAM and system performance.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipAssoc Comp Machinery, IFIP, Assoc Comp Machinery Special Interest Grp Performance Evaluaten_US
dc.description.sponsorshipGoogleGoogle Incorporated; IntelIntel Corporation; Nvidia; SamsungSamsung; ISTC-CC; SRC; NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [1212962, 1320531]; SRCEA/Intel Fellowshipen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipWe thank our shepherd Christopher Stewart, anonymous reviewers, and SAFARI group members for feedback. We acknowledge the support of Google, Intel, Nvidia, and Samsung. This research was supported in part by the ISTC-CC, SRC, and NSF (grants 1212962 and 1320531). Kevin Chang is supported in part by the SRCEA/Intel Fellowship.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAssoc Computing Machineryen_US
dc.relation.ispartofSigmetrics/Performance 2016: Proceedings of The Sigmetrics/Performance Joint International Conference On Measurement And Modeling of Computer Scienceen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subject[No Keywords]en_US
dc.titleUnderstanding Latency Variation in Modern Dram Chips: Experimental Characterization, Analysis, and Optimizationen_US
dc.typeConference Objecten_US
dc.departmentFaculties, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Computer Engineeringen_US
dc.departmentFakülteler, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümütr_TR
dc.identifier.startpage323en_US
dc.identifier.endpage336en_US
dc.authorid0000-0003-4154-4525-
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000455401700028en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84978768122en_US
dc.institutionauthorHassan, Hasan-
dc.identifier.doi10.1145/2896377.2901453-
dc.relation.publicationcategoryKonferans Öğesi - Uluslararası - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.relation.conference13th ACM SIGMETRICS/IFIP Performance Joint International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Science (ACM SIGMETRICS/IFIP)en_US
item.openairetypeConference Object-
item.languageiso639-1en-
item.grantfulltextnone-
item.fulltextNo Fulltext-
item.openairecristypehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cf-
item.cerifentitytypePublications-
Appears in Collections:Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü / Department of Computer Engineering
Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection
WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / WoS Indexed Publications Collection
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